Deferred tax assets (DTAs) are tax-related balance sheet assets that arise when deductible temporary differences, net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards, or tax credits reduce future taxes. In U.S. GAAP, DTAs are recognized to the extent it is more likely than not that the benefits will be realized.
DTAs affect the income tax provision by lowering future tax expenses when taxable income arises. They are measured at the tax rate expected to apply when the asset is realized. Companies assess whether a valuation allowance is needed to reduce DTAs if realization is unlikely. On the balance sheet, DTAs are typically shown as noncurrent assets and may be presented alongside deferred tax liabilities, reflecting timing differences between accounting and tax treatment.
DTAs reflect timing differences between GAAP accounting and tax laws. Common sources include accelerated depreciation for tax purposes, differences in impairment deductions, and net operating loss carryforwards that can offset taxable income in future periods. The utility of a DTA depends on the company's ability to generate sufficient taxable income to utilize the deductions or credits before they expire.
A company with sizable tax-loss carryforwards records a deferred tax asset to reflect the expected reduction in taxes when future profits are earned.
Deferred Tax Liability · Net Operating Loss (NOL) · Tax Provision · Income Tax Expense · Tax Rate